Immune Effector Cell–Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome

By recognizing the signs and symptoms of ICANS, physicians can begin interventions early in the disease course and potentially mitigate any long-term effects. Although most patients recover without residual deficits, rapid progression to death has been reported in a minority of cases. Workup for other etiologies should be performed as clinically indicated, and abnormal findings should be treated according to standard-of-care practices.