Review on Synthesis, Physical Properties and Applications of Bismuth Sulfide Nanoparticles for Insight into Its Prominent Multifunction

Bismuth sulfide is valued for its unique physical properties like electrical conductivity, high carrier mobility and concentration, suitable band gap, high X-ray attenuation coefficient, high absorption coefficient and so on, making it suitable for applications in electronics, catalysis, environmental remediation, energy storage, sensors, and biomedical fields. For instance, its semiconducting qualities and high surface area make it effective for processes like adsorption and photocatalysis and suitable band gap, stability, and visible light absorption capabilities, Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> shows promise for hydrogen generation through photocatalytic water splitting. Furthermore, Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> can be prepared utilizing controlled temperatures, precursors, and solvents via various synthesis methods, including the sol-gel method, chemical methods and chemical deposition methods. From these techniques, sol-gel method is the most common due to its cost effectiveness and ability to create high-quality materials at low temperatures. Having these as initiative concept, this review offers further studies to improve synthesis processes, optimize characteristics and explore new applications. Therefore, this work suggested that further investigation on Bismuth sulfide is needed to improve its properties for specific uses through doping as well as utilizing different synthesis techniques.