Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in China (2025 edition)

Abstract Influenza is a common acute respiratory infectious disease in China, characterized by pronounced seasonality, rapid transmission, and a high risk of severe illness among high-risk populations. These features pose a substantial threat to public health. Historically, recommendations for influenza treatment and prophylaxis have largely relied on expert consensus in China, with a lack of systematic, evidence-based guidelines. In recent years, accumulating evidence on traditional antiviral agents such as neuraminidase inhibitors, as well as emerging agents targeting RNA polymerase, has expanded therapeutic options for influenza, underscoring the need to systematically update and refine existing treatment recommendations. Accordingly, a multidisciplinary panel of Chinese experts developed the “Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in China (2025 edition)” following established guideline methodology. This guideline focuses on antiviral therapy, adjunctive treatment, and prophylaxis, systematically summarizing and updating treatment indications, drug selection, dosing regimens, duration, and safety management across different populations. Specific recommendations are provided for key groups such as children and pregnant women. The guideline culminates in a series of evidence-based recommendations, providing structured and actionable guidance for the clinical management and prevention of influenza in China. Practice guideline registration: Practice Guideline Registration for Transparency (PREPARE-2025CN1551)