Open Data Reuse in Agricultural, Livestock, and Environmental Systems: A Global Scoping Review with a Case Analysis of Ecuador

Open data reuse has become a strategic driver of the digital transformation of agricultural, livestock, and environmental systems. In this industry yet significant disparities persist in regions with limited technological and institutional capacity. This global scoping reviews systematically maps providing the scientific evidence on open data reuse and examines its thematic, geographic, and socioeconomic dimensions in relation to sustainability, food security, and biodiversity conservation. The search, conducted in Scopus for peer-reviewed articles from 1993 to 2025, identified 2863 records, of which 1261 met the eligibility criteria. Evidence charting combined Bibliometric mapping, Multiple Correspondence Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, and a modified Delphi method to characterize thematic domains and research alignment. Results reveal three dominant global clusters: Intelligent Digital Agriculture & Sustainability, Geospatial Monitoring & Land Management, and Biodiversity & Livestock Dynamics alongside persistent geographic inequalities that favor high-income regions. A case analysis of Ecuador illustrates how open data reuse is emerging in a peripheral context shaped by structural constraints. Overall, findings show that open data reuse reduces informational asymmetries, enables cross scale environmental and production monitoring, and supports data driven innovation for climate resilience. The proposed BiblioConsensus Framework offers a transferable basis for policy design, capacity building, and international collaboration aimed at strengthening inclusive global open data ecosystems.