Synergistic K/Cu Dual-Site Doping Strategy for Enhancing the Electrochemical Performance of P2-Type Mn-Based Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

On account of its prominent theoretical energy-storage capability and abundant resources, P2-type Na_0.67MnO₂ stands out as an appealing cathode choice for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Because of structural transformations, Mn³⁺-induced Jahn-Teller distortion, the inferior electronic/ionic conductivities, and limited durability during cycling, the practical application of this material is severely constrained. Herein, a synergistic dual-site doping strategy, namely, K⁺ at Na sites and Cu²⁺ at Mn sites, is developed to synthesize a high-performance P2-type layered oxide with the composition of Na_0.62K_0.05Mn_0.9Cu_0.1O₂. This dual ion doping approach effectively stabilizes the layered structure via K⁺ pillars and mitigates the detrimental Jahn-Teller effect of Mn³⁺ through Cu²⁺ partial substitution, which thereby elevates the structural integrity and notably promotes the reversibility of redox reactions. An impressive capacity of 173 mAh g^-1 at 0.1C is achieved with the well-designed and optimized sample. It further exhibits excellent prolonged cycling stability, retaining 90.5% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles at 1C, in addition to impressive rate performance, yielding 73.9 mAh g^-1 at 10C. Based on DFT results, the NKMCO demonstrates a higher possibility of mobile free electrons transitioning in proximity to the Fermi level, as a consequence of its narrower bandgap. Constructive perspectives for promoting next-generation SIBs are provided by this regulated co-substitution strategy, which establishes a feasible and effective route to elevate the energy storage capabilities of layered oxide cathodes.