Reveal the mechanism of action of donepezil combined with nimodipine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease via metabolomics and lipidomics analyses in rats

BackgroundWith the aging population, the number of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been increasing annually, creating an urgent need for AD therapeutic drugs. Donepezil combined with nimodipine (DN) has demonstrated therapeutic potential in the treatment of AD, but its mechanism of action remains unclear.ObjectiveTo reveal the mechanism of DN in the treatment of AD rats.MethodsThe AD rat model was established and evaluated by behavioral experiments and pathology. The therapeutic mechanism of DN in AD treatment was investigated through lipidomics and hippocampal metabolomics analyses based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS).ResultsThe learning and memory ability of AD rats can be improved after DN treatment. Significant changes were observed in 40 serum lipid metabolites and 19 hippocampal metabolites. These metabolites are mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid metabolism and other processes in AD rats.ConclusionsDN could improve cognitive function and nerve damage in AD rats. It may plays a therapeutic role in AD rats by regulating cholinergic damage, Ca²⁺ overload, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and energy deficiency caused by metabolic disorders, which has practical significance for further research and clinical application of DN.