Computational design of allulose-responsive biosensor toolbox for auto-inducible protein expression and CRISPRi mediated dynamic metabolic regulation

Biosensors based on transcription factors (TFs) have shown extensive applications in synthetic biology. Due to the complex multi-domain structure of effector-TF-DNA, computational design of TFs remains a challenge. Here, we present the successful structure-guided computational design of the access tunnel, ligand binding, allosteric transition process for an allulose-responsive PsiR. It enables a 20-fold increase in sensitivity, reducing the EC₅₀ of PsiR-allulose biosensors (PABs) from 16 mM to 0.8 mM, and delivers a PAB box possessing the detection range from 10 μM to 100 mM. We further validate its broader applicability in enhancing sensitivity of LacI-IPTG biosensor. Based on the developed PABs, we present the inducer-free allulose-mediated auto-inducible protein expression system, and demonstrate an allulose-triggered CRISPR interference circuit for dynamic metabolic regulation. It facilitates a 68% increase in allulose titer and achieves a high yield of 0.43 g/g glucose. This work provides the versatile TF toolbox for developing allulose-triggered regulation circuits in biotechnology application.