Unlocking lean potential in higher education: a systematic literature review and Delphi study

Purpose This paper aims to synthesise and assess the available literature with respect to critical success factors (CSFs) for lean implementation in higher education (HE). Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify relevant publications in two of the most reliable academic databases: EBSCO and Scopus. The findings were evaluated and presented based on publication trends, authors’ features and content analysis. A Delphi study was also used to further refine the findings of the content analysis. Findings The SLR undertaken used a number of criteria to identify the relevant publications. The extracted publication set was evaluated and discussed providing valuable information in terms of publication trends, authors’ features and content analysis. The latter led to the identification of a set of CSFs for lean implementation in HE, which was further refined by a Delphi study to further enhance and strengthen the findings of the SLR. A total of seven CSFs were identified consisting of 28 sub-factors. The contribution of the identified CSFs for lean implementation in HE is discussed, along with how they can contribute to improving operational efficiency, service quality and student outcomes at higher education institutions (HEIs). Practical implications The findings of the present study cover a significant gap by providing sufficient knowledge on CSFs for lean implementation in HE, enhancing the theoretical understanding of lean for this specific sector. It also recognises how CSFs can enable an HEI to adopt and implement lean offering actionable insights for HEI stakeholders to achieve operational excellence and enhanced service quality. Originality/value This study offers valuable reference for both HE professionals and policymakers interested in applying lean in HE by not only identifying a set of CSFs and verifying them through a Delphi study but also by specifically indicating how they can lead to effective lean implementation in HEIs.