The internal medicine management of diabetic foot syndrome

Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, representing a significant burden on healthcare systems and patient quality of life. This syndrome encompasses a spectrum of pathologies, including neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), infection and foot deformities, culminating in ulceration and potential amputation. Notably, individuals with DFS often present with multiple comorbidities, which significantly influence management and outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the internal medicine management of DFS, focusing on risk factor identification, preventive strategies, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic interventions and thecritical consideration of comorbidities. The four pillars of management of diabetic foot syndrome are: 1) metabolic management; 2) DFU management; 3) comorbidities management 4) Prevention. A multidisciplinary approach, involving diabetologists, internists, vascular surgeons, infectious disease specialists, podiatrists, and specialized nursing staff, is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.