Multi-layer energy storage framework for flexible power grids

Problems with grid stability, dependability, and effective energy management are brought about by the rising use of renewable energy sources like wind and solar, which bring an element of unpredictability and variable into today’s power systems. To integrate these resources effectively, we need cutting-edge technologies that can control demand and supply, handle peak loads, and lessen our reliance on fossil fuels. The goal of this research is to improve the sustainability, dependability, and adaptability of current power grids via the creation of a Multi-Layer Energy Storage Framework (MLESF). Energy dispatch, peak load management, and renewable energy use are all optimized by integrating short-term, medium-term, and long-term storage technologies. This coordination is done via a smart energy management system. The simulation results show that MLESF has great potential for future low-carbon energy systems, with notable improvements in renewable energy integration (91%), storage efficiency (88%), peak load reduction (35%), grid reliability (48% improvement in SAIDI), cost savings ($22/MWh), and CO₂ emission reduction (18%).