A multidimensional approach to strategic thinking: scale development and validation

We aimed to develop and validate a multidimensional strategic thinking measurement scale to identify cognitive differences among strategists and allow the profiling of top managers. We employed a multi-method approach. The research process included a systematic literature review and in-depth interviews (n = 18) to define and operationalize the strategic thinking construct. Then we conducted a face validity assessment with experts (n = 9) and quantitative empirical validation (n = 184) based on statistical methods appropriate for ordinal data (convergent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency reliability, and factor analysis). The results of the literature study confirm the multidimensional nature of the strategic thinking construct and allow us to identify five dimensions: an approach to the competitive environment (competitive vs. cooperative), level of participation (collective vs. individual), attitude to change (exploiter vs. explorer), information processing and decision-making style (intuitive vs analytical), and level of flexibility (deliberate vs emergent). The validation process confirmed the scale’s robustness. The scale allows strategic thinker assessment and profiling, which can be used as a self-diagnosing tool for managerial development and enhance diverse top team building.