Visualization analysis of the use of traditional Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases in mainland China based on CiteSpace

This study used CiteSpace (version 6.4.R1) to perform a visualization analysis of 3,058 articles on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, the VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), the Wanfang database (Wanfang), and the Chaoxing database (Chaoxing). The goal was to ascertain the current status of research, hotspots in research, and trends in the development of TCM for rare disease diagnosis and treatment in mainland China, providing insights for future TCM research in this field. Visual maps of annual publication volume, authors, institutions, keywords, and other content have revealed that TCM demonstrates prominent advantages in 5 out of 207 defined rare diseases: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease), osteosarcoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and multiple sclerosis. Potential advantages are identified in treating melanoma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, homocysteinemia, primary biliary cholangitis, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. TCM research on rare diseases focuses on etiology, pathogenesis, and syndrome differentiation-based treatment. Case-control studies and mechanism investigations have been initiated for some conditions, while clinical research is gradually incorporating integrated TCM-Western medicine approaches. However, enhanced team and institutional collaboration, development of multicenter networks, exploration of multidisciplinary research, and clinical studies yielding high-level evidence are still needed to provide quality evidence-based support for clinical decision-making in the TCM treatment of rare diseases.