Cannabigerol Exerts <i>In Vivo</i> and <i>In Vitro</i> Anti-Inflammatory Effects via Inhibition of the MAPK and NF-κB Pathways

<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. has a long history of use and contains more than 80 cannabinoids. However, although cannabigerol (CBG), which acts as a biosynthetic precursor of its most abundant phytocannabinoids, has anti-inflammatory effects, the exact mechanism of action remains underexplored. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory potential of CBG to assess its potential for therapeutic and industrial applications. CBG was extracted from the cannabis cultivar 'Pink Pepper' <i>In vitro</i> assays were performed via RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, and <i>in vivo</i> efficacy was evaluated through a carrageenan-induced paw edema mouse model to confirm the activity of CBG in acute inflammation. Nitric oxide production, mRNA, and protein expression of inflammatory mediators were suppressed by CBG treatment in a process downregulated through the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Although paw edema was not statistically significantly reduced, oral administration of CBG suppressed the expression of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the carrageenan-induced mouse model. CBG has been demonstrated to exert significant anti-inflammatory effects via modulation of key inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways in both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> models. Our findings further support the potential of CBG as a bioactive compound for further anti-inflammatory research.