Critical narrative review of degradation mechanisms and corrosion resistance in nonmetallic materials

The degrading mechanisms of non-metallic materials, such as polymers, ceramics, and composites, are not as well understood as those of metals, despite their increasing use in the chemical, pharmaceutical, aerospace, and marine sectors. In order to scientifically assess corrosion resistance and preventative techniques in non-metallic systems, this review compiles data from over 100 experiments conducted between 2000 and 2024. Laboratory studies indicate that green inhibitors, smart coatings, and nanocomposites can reduce corrosion rates, in some cases approaching 90%, though performance varies significantly depending on material type, environmental conditions, and testing protocols. Computational modeling is increasingly applied to design multifunctional inhibitors and protective materials, but its predictive reliability under complex service conditions remains under evaluation. Adapting these technologies to real-world service contexts remains a major problem, even as development focuses on creating pathways for sustainability and application-specific durability. This synthesis outlines potential directions for multidisciplinary research toward more efficient and ecologically sustainable corrosion prevention strategies for non-metallic materials, while recognizing that practical implementation will require further validation.