Plant resistance to major pests, growth and production of rice (

This study aims to analyze the effects of Trichoderma sp., cow urine POC, and bamboo root PGPR on rice plant resistance to major pests, growth, and yield of rice (O. sativa L.). The treatments were: 1. Control, 2. Trichoderma sp., 3. Trichoderma sp. +POC, 4. Trichoderma sp. + PGPR, 5. Trichoderma sp. +POC + PGPR. The administration of Trichoderma sp., POC, PGPR and their combinations significantly affected the type, population and intensity of main pest attacks, the thickness of the cuticle and leaf stomata, the growth and production of rice plants. Only 2 types of main pests were found; Scirpophaga innotata, with an average population of 2.4 individuals and an attack intensity of 0.93 and Leptocorisa oratorius with an average population of 1.50 individuals and an attack intensity of 1.49. The best cuticle thickness was 18.96μm, the highest number of stomata was 29.85, the highest number of tillers was 23.70, the highest plant height was 71.39 cm at 42 days after planting (DAP), the highest number of grains per hill was 169.7 grains, and the heaviest grain weight was 26.53 grams/1000 grains in the Trichoderma sp. + POC + PGPR combination treatment.