FloBlocks: an affordable and extensible tool for tangible block programming in education

High costs often restrict access to programming education, especially in underserved communities. To address this, we introduce FloBlocks, a novel, low-cost educational tool that integrates tangible flowchart programming with computer vision. Learners use custom-designed paper blocks representing core programming constructs to assemble physical flowcharts visualizing program logic. A standard camera captures these arrangements, and computer vision algorithms interpret block shapes and connections, translating the flowchart into executable code. This eliminates the need for expensive hardware and software, making programming education viable in resource-limited settings. The tactile nature of FloBlocks reduces cognitive load, allowing learners to focus on logical structures rather than syntax. FloBlocks provides an affordable, scalable, and interactive solution to democratize programming education worldwide.