The Hydro-Political Choice: Comparative Water-Constraint Trajectories in Arid and Semi-Arid Systems (2025)

This comparative analytical data sheet is grounded in hydrological constraints governing water availability in arid and semi-arid systems. It examines water-security trajectories through the lens of constraint displacement, drawing on documented cases from Saudi Arabia, Israel, Dubai (UAE), and the Androy region (Madagascar). The analysis explores how different strategies redistribute vulnerability across subsurface water resources, energy systems, infrastructure, and governance capacity. The approach adopts a system-level, non-prescriptive perspective based exclusively on published institutional and scientific sources. Numerical values are reported as orders of magnitude and are intended to support comparative reasoning rather than site-specific design, operational guidance, or policy recommendations.