Direct Costs in the Last Week of Life of Oncology Patients: Comparison Between Palliative Care and Usual Care in a Brazilian Hospital

IntroductionCancer is one of the leading causes of global mortality and imposes high costs on healthcare systems. In Brazil, a significant portion of resources is allocated to oncology, especially in the terminal phase. Palliative care has been associated with reduced hospital expenses and improved quality of life. This study aimed to compare direct medical costs in the last week of life of oncology patients receiving usual care (UC) or palliative care (PC).MethodsA retrospective cohort study conducted at Santa Rita Hospital (Porto Alegre, RS), using data from 2021. Patients over 18 years old, hospitalized for ≥7 days, whose death resulted from cancer progression, were included. The sample comprised 58 individuals: 41 in PC and 17 in UC. Direct medical costs included medications, procedures, laboratory and imaging exams, adjusted for inflation and converted to US dollars.ResultsDespite no statistically significant difference in the median of total cost (<i>P</i> = 0.4493), the median cost was lower in the PC group (USD 67.5) compared to the UC group (USD 91.5). Patients receiving palliative care had reduced costs related to procedures, laboratory tests, and imaging exams.ConclusionThe integration of palliative care was associated with reduced specific expenses and greater multidisciplinary support, indicating potential for resource optimization in oncology. These results reinforce the importance of systematic incorporation of this approach in the Brazilian context.