Equivalent Circuit-Based Simulation of Half-Car Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting on Degraded Urban Road Profiles

This study compares three excitation modeling approaches—deterministic mixed scenarios, Gaussian stochastic models, and AR(1) stochastic models—to evaluate the energy harvesting potential of a half-car suspension system equipped with front and rear piezoelectric stack harvesters. The half-car suspension is modeled using equivalent electrical circuits based on the force-voltage analogy. Each excitation model is implemented and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to analyze and compare the harvested energy under varying road profiles. This work highlights the influence of excitation modeling on the accuracy and realism of energy recovery assessments in vehicular suspension systems.