Time Domain Physical Unclonable Functions in Silicon Nitride Ring Resonator Networks

Time-domain physical unclonable functions (tPUFs) implemented in silicon nitride ring resonator networks exploit unavoidable manufacturing variations leading to spectro-temporal scrambling for fiber-based single-mode readout. We validate unclonability through correlation metrics across mirrored networks, demonstrate stability against thermal drift, and realize an analog tPEAC protocol and observed a peak pulse at one output channel. These results establish tPUFs as compact, robust photonic tokens for secure, remote authentication.