Taxonomic reassessment of captive sugar gliders using genetic analyses and complementary acoustic data

Accurate species identification is crucial for managing ex-situ populations, especially in cryptic species complexes where taxonomic uncertainty may compromise conservation. The sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps s.l.) is a small nocturnal marsupial commonly bred in zoos and is popular in the exotic pet trade. Recent taxonomic revisions revealed substantial cryptic diversity within the complex, raising concerns about species identity and geographic origin of captive individuals. We used an integrative approach combining genetic and acoustic analyses to assess the taxonomic status of captive P. breviceps s.l. populations. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial ND2 and ND4 genes showed a strong genetic affinity between European and United States captive populations, suggesting a shared origin within the New Guinean lineage. These findings support their reclassification as Petaurus papuanus. Despite their captive origin, these populations showed unexpectedly high haplotype diversity, likely due to repeated introductions from genetically distinct but geographically close wild populations. However, within-group homogeneity indicates limited genetic exchange among breeding lines. Acoustic analyses of the barking call revealed intraspecific variability but little species-specificity, indicating a minor role in reproductive isolation. Our findings underscore the importance of taxonomic clarity and structured genetic management for conserving captive population integrity.