Stress resistance and adaptability of field crops to weather and climate changes in Bashkortostan

The purpose of the study was to compare the adaptability and stress resistance of field crops to weather and climate changes in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Statistical data on the yield of field crops in 2009-2023 in the republic were used for the study. Quantitative assessment of adaptability and stress resistance of field crops was carried out according to a set of indicators (range of yield variation, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, degree of yield depression, stress resistance coefficient, index of ecological plasticity, aridity coefficient). A significant fluctuation (coefficient of variation 22.5-35.8%) of the yield of field crops (winter rye Secale cereale L., spring soft wheat Triticum aestivum L., corn Zea mays L., soybeans Glycine max (L.) Merr., spring rapeseed Brassica napus L. ssp. olifera Metzg. and sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris convar. saccharifera Alef.). In 2010, 2012 and 2021, drought was observed in the Republic of Bashkortostan and in these years the minimum yield was formed for almost all crops. In particular, winter rye (stress resistance coefficient 0.67) and spring wheat (stress resistance coefficient 0.72) have drought. The stress resistance of corn, soybeans and sugar beet is approximately the same and lower than that of winter rye and spring wheat (the stress resistance coefficient is 0.62-0.65). Spring rapeseed reacts strongly to stress factors, especially to drought (stress resistance coefficient 0.54). To increase the stress resistance of soybeans, corn and spring rapeseed, it is necessary to create and select varieties adapted to local climatic conditions.