Generational diversity in airlines: A systematic review with framework synthesis

• We offer the first systematic review of generational diversity in airlines. • We develop an innovative 2 × 2 thematic framework based on generational identity and research focus. • We highlight a scarcity of peer-reviewed academic work on this critical topic, • We found significant cross-generational differences between Baby Boomers and Millennials in risk and safety orientation, learning styles and organisational commitment. • Future research should examine potential heterogeneity within a generation and adopt the repertory grid technique to tap into different generations’ minds. In response to the growing recognition of generational diversity in the aviation workforce, we conducted a systematic review of airline research. This review advances air transport scholarship in four ways. Empirically, it offers novel evidence from 31 English-language studies published between May 2003 and November 2024 by 39 authors. Methodologically, it follows an innovative reporting design that integrates framework synthesis—familiarisation, thematic framework, indexing, charting, and synthesis—with PRISMA guidelines. Conceptually, it develops a unique two-dimensional thematic framework for synthesising empirical evidence in the topic. The first dimension, generational identity , links airline and pilot association practices with theories of organisational demography and social constructionism. The second, research focus , distinguishes studies of cross-generational differences from those examining intra-generational attitudes and behaviours. Practically, the review highlights differences between Baby Boomers and Millennials in risk orientation, learning styles, and organisational commitment. It also identifies intra-generational profiles across the four generations currently employed in airlines. Finally, it proposes three directions for future research: first, examining potential heterogeneity within a generation ( contextual ); second, developing culture-specific generational compositions ( conceptual ); and third, applying the repertory grid technique to capture generational perspectives ( methodological ).