Integration of Renewable Energy Networks into Smart Grid Infrastructure: A MATLAB/Simulink-Based Simulation Approach

The rising demand for sustainable and resilient energy systems has accelerated the transformation from traditional power grids toward smart grids integrated with renewable energy networks. This thesis explores the integration of solar energy sources into smart grids to replace conventional fossil-fuel-based generation. A simulation model is developed using MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate the operational performance, stability, and adaptability of the proposed smart grid architecture. Key challenges, including intermittency, synchronization, and bidirectional power flows, are identified, and corresponding solutions, such as energy storage systems, are proposed to address these issues. Simulation results demonstrate enhanced grid stability, reduced carbon footprint, and improved power quality, underscoring the viability of renewable-integrated smart grids as the foundation for future power systems. This document compiles the full analysis and results for integrating inverter‑based resources into the IEEE 9‑bus system. We compare three scenarios—synchronous baseline, hybrid (PV at buses 2 & 3), and all-renewable with a grid-forming BESS at bus 1, using AC power flow, OPF, THD, time-varying loads, and dynamic stability metrics. Key findings: the hybrid case offers the best overall trade‑off; All‑renewable case is fastest dynamically due to grid‑forming control; and line loadings remain within ratings under the studied conditions.