Zirconia in Dentistry: An Updated Review

Abstract Zirconia, a crystalline form of zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂), is known for its excellent mechanical, optical, and biocompatible characteristics. Increasingly, all-ceramic zirconia-based restorations are favored in modern restorative and prosthetic dentistry due to their aesthetic and biologic benefits. Over the years, dental zirconia has evolved significantly, resulting in a wide range of materials tailored for prosthetic use. However, current literature lacks a comprehensive, updated classification of these newer zirconia biomaterials. This review aims to bridge that gap by presenting an overview and classification of contemporary zirconia materials used in dentistry. The information compiled here will be valuable for dental professionals, technicians, prosthodontists, academic faculty, and researchers involved with zirconia in dental applications. Subjects: Bioengineering, Dentistry