From Protest to Criminal Disruption

This study investigates how climate activism has been represented in two major British newspapers, The Guardian (2015-2023) and The Telegraph (2020-2023). Drawing on a purpose-built corpus of over 1.4 million words and employing a corpus-based discourse analytic approach, the research explores diachronic shifts and cross-newspaper differences in the portrayal of activist groups Extinction Rebellion and Just Stop Oil. The analysis focuses on the linguistic framing of activists in building the narratives surrounding climate action. Results reveal that The Guardian’s discourse has evolved from event-based reporting towards a more activist-centred and solidarity-driven narrative, increasingly linking climate activism to social justice issues and broadening its evaluative framing to include both supportive and more critical views. The Telegraph, instead, primarily frames activism in terms of disruption, legality, and public order concerns, without much emphasis on the activists’ social or ideological motivations. Word Sketch analyses of the terms activist(s) and protester(s) further confirm the different evaluative patterns and orientations of the two publications. The trends observed point to the need for further critical investigation of the framing of activists in the media and of its role in polarising public opinion, influencing the debate on policies and defining the role of protest in democratic societies.