Exploration of Various Vidyās in the Vedas: Mathematical, Astronomical, Geological, and Cosmological Insights

The Vedas, the oldest extant texts of human civilisation, encompass an extensive range of knowledge systems, collectively termed as vidyās, which include mathematics, astronomy, geology, and cosmology. These vidyās form the foundation of the Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) and exhibit profound insights into the scientific and philosophical understanding of the universe. This research paper explores the diverse vidyās embedded within the Vedic corpus, shedding light on their principles, methodologies, and relevance in contemporary knowledge paradigms. The mathematical vidyās demonstrate early developments in enumeration, geometric principles, and the decimal system. Astronomical vidyās highlight time reckoning, celestial dynamics, and calendar systems. Geological vidyās reflect an understanding of natural phenomena and the interplay of the five elements. Cosmological vidyās unravel metaphysical perspectives on the creation and evolution of the universe. By examining these vidyās, this study underscores the multidisciplinary genius of the Vedas and their enduring contributions to global knowledge traditions.