Decellularized extracellular matrix restores Fibronectin/Integrin β1 balance through extracellular vesicles to rejuvenate chondrocytes and alleviate osteoarthritis progression

Producing the large quantities of EVs required for clinical OA therapy necessitates prolonged expansion of stem cells, which inevitably blunts EV efficacy. dECM culture restores the potency of EVs without additional biosafety concerns. Thus, dECM-P15-EVs offer strong translational promise as an advanced, EV-centric OA therapy that overcomes current limitations.