Transforming poultry for safer, healthier, and sustainable egg production in india

Eggs are a highly nutritious and affordable source of animal protein, essential vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. Over the past seven decades, the Indian poultry sector has transformed from small-scale backyard operations to a technologically advanced, commercial industry, driven by consumer demand, policy support, and innovations in genetics, nutrition, and management. Modern approaches focus on producing safe, microbiologically sound eggs through biosecurity, vaccination, automation, and essential oil-based interventions while reducing antimicrobial resistance. Nutritional enrichment strategies have enabled functional eggs with omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and herbal bioactives, addressing health-conscious consumer needs. Integration of precision farming, digital tools, sustainable waste management, and climate-smart practices ensures productivity, welfare, and environmental sustainability. This review highlights the convergence of technology, policy, and consumer-driven strategies in producing safer, healthier, and more sustainable eggs, outlining a roadmap for inclusive and resilient poultry development in India.