STANDARD-FORMING FACTORS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON INVESTMENT COSTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREST CLIMATE PROJECTS

This article identifies standard-setting factors and assesses their impact on investment costs for forest climate restoration projects in clear-cut areas in the Voronezh Region. The relevance of forest climate restoration projects is substantiated, and the role of labor standards and norms in determining investment costs for project activities in forests is demonstrated. The influence of standard-setting factors on labor costs and standards is determined. Both the cost-based and standard-based approaches were used to determine investment costs for forest climate restoration projects. The study identified standard-setting factors for the baseline and project-based reforestation options in clear-cut areas, identifying their key differences: work execution technologies, mixing schemes, forest planting material cultivation technologies, and the system of machines and mechanisms. It was determined that, given the differences in the standard-setting factors between the baseline and project options, additional costs for reforestation activities in clear-cut areas will amount to 28,400 rubles per hectare. Overall, the investor's costs for implementing a forest climate project for reforestation in clear-cut areas in the Voronezh Region will amount to 203,920 rubles per hectare, qualifying such investment projects as high-cost natural and climate solutions. Therefore, it is necessary to define and improve forest climate project development technologies, taking into account the impact of the main standard-setting factors, and to determine costs in order to subsequently evaluate their effectiveness.