Alterations in Electrolyte and Renal Profile in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Coexisting Cardiovascular Complications: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is often complicated by coexisting Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), which increases morbidity and influences biochemical markers. Electrolyte imbalances contribute to various systemic complications and elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease. Aim: To compare the electrolyte and renal function profiles of chronic kidney disease patients based on the presence or absence of coexisting cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Dr. S. S. Tantia Medical College, in collaboration with Jan Sewa Hospital, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India,from November 2023 to July 2025. conducted on 150 CKD patients—50 with CVD (Group-A) and 100 without (Group-B) Biochemical markers, including electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl+), renal function tests (urea, creatinine, uric acid), inflammatory markers {C-reactive Protein (CRP), procalcitonin, high-senstivity troponin I (hs-Trop I)} and proteinuria indicators were measured. Results: The CKD patients with CVD were significantly older (58.2±15.65 vs. 49.23±12.71 years; p<0.001). They had lower serum sodium levels (p<0.001) and higher potassium levels (p=0.03). The hs-Trop I and CRP levels were markedly elevated in the CVD group (p<0.001). Urea levels were also significantly higher (83.35±15.65 vs. 68.1±13.51; p<0.001). Serum Sodium S.Na. levels were notably lower in CKD patients with CVD (139.09±2.76 mEq/L) compared to those without CVD (141.2±3.04 mEq/L) (p=0.001). Similarly, Serum Potassium S.K. levels were slightly higher in the CVD group (4.52±0.64 mEq/L) compared to the non CVD group (4.3±0.50 mEq/L) and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.03). However, the difference in Serum Chloride S.Cl. levels was not statistically significant (p=0.21). Conclusion: Coexisting cardiovascular disease in CKD patients is associated with distinct alterations in electrolyte balance, increased inflammation and worsened renal function. Monitoring these biomarkers is crucial for the effective management of CKD patients with cardiovascular co-morbidities.