Survey and analysis of sleep status among community-dwelling elderly diabetics: A cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

Sleep is crucial to maintaining physiological stability and exhibits a bidirectional relationship with metabolic health. This study used random sampling to investigate sleep status and factors influencing it among 585 community-dwelling elderly diabetics (age ≥ 60 years) in Shanghai (April-August 2025). Data were collected through a self-designed general questionnaire, the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and clinical biochemical tests. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used to identify influencing factors. Results indicated a median AIS score of 4.0 (3.0, 6.0), with 26.84% of patients (157/585) experiencing sleep problems. Univariate analysis revealed significant correlations between sleep quality and sex, level of education, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), urine leukocytes, urine specific gravity, hypertension, the number of comorbidities, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for all). Binary logistic regression analysis identified that being female (OR = 1.778, 95% CI: 1.115-2.836, <i>p</i> = 0.016), having a college degree or above (OR = 2.820, 95% CI: 1.305-6.092, <i>p</i> = 0.008), elevated glycated hemoglobin (OR = 1.460, 95% CI: 1.221-1.745, <i>p</i> < 0.001), elevated fasting blood glucose (OR = 1.490, 95% CI: 1.327-1.673, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (OR = 1.713, 95% CI: 1.046-2.804, <i>p</i> = 0.032) were independent risk factors for sleep disorders. Implementing individualized, multidimensional management for these high-risk populations is crucial to enhancing the overall effectiveness of diabetes prevention and control.