Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Evaluation of Thiazole-Containing Pyrazole Hydrazide Derivatives

A molecular hybridization strategy was employed to synthesize 12 pyrazole hydrazide derivatives incorporating a thiazole fragment as potential antifungal agents. The newly synthesized compounds were systematically characterized using various techniques, including 1H and 13C NMR, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis. Notably, compound 4f exhibited a high inhibition rate against Valsa mali, particularly in in vivo experiments, where it demonstrated significantly superior antifungal activity compared to the commercially available fungicide fluxapyroxad. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis provided a rational explanation for the differences in antifungal efficacy between compound 4f and fluxapyroxad.