Advancements in natural fibers for sustainable textile manufacturing: Importance, sources, applications, and future prospects

The growing environmental concerns associated with synthetic fibers and resource-intensive textile manufacturing has led to increased interest in natural fibers as eco-friendly alternatives. This review analyzes the environmental significance, sources, characteristics, and applications of natural fibers in the development of sustainable textiles and apparel. It emphasizes the role of natural fibers in transitioning toward a more sustainable textile industry and contributing to broader environmental and circular economy goals. It analyzes plant-based, animal-based, and micro-organism-based fibers, focusing on their recyclability, biodegradability, and potential to reduce environmental hazards compared to conventional raw materials. It highlights advancements in sustainable cultivation, extraction methods, and spinning process that encourage resource efficiency and pollution reduction. Natural fibers not only provide environmental benefits but also contribute to improved material performance, durability, and consumer demands. Their integration into circular fashion models enhances recycling, composting, and waste minimization strategies. Despite these advantages, challenges such as limited scalability, inconsistent quality, and low consumer awareness remain. Addressing these issues requires coordinated efforts among manufacturers, consumers, researchers, and policymakers. Future research and policy directions include innovations in fiber technology, investment in sustainable infrastructure, and supportive regulatory frameworks.