Unsolved Problems in Cosmology: Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Cosmological Constant in the Framework of Velocity-Dependent Conformal Spacetime

Dark matter, dark energy, and the cosmological constant are among the most pressing unsolved problems in modern physics. Observations reveal phenomena that cannot be explained solely by visible matter and standard gravitational theory. In this perspective, we introduce a velocity-dependent conformal Lorentz framework, in which spacetime intervals and vacuum energy are rescaled by a velocity-dependent conformal factor . This framework modifies the effective energy density, forces, and dynamics of particles at galactic and cosmological scales. We show that this approach can reproduce flat galaxy rotation curves, provide an effective dark matter mass, and naturally reduce the vacuum energy to observed levels, solving the cosmological constant problem. The framework preserves energy and momentum conservation while remaining consistent with known physics, providing a unified perspective on dark matter and dark energy.