Protocol for differentiating patient-derived iPSCs into photoreceptor-like cells

Retinal biopsies are rarely feasible, limiting direct studies of inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs). We present a protocol modeling occult macular dystrophy, an autosomal-dominant IRD, using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from patient blood cells. We describe steps to differentiate iPSCs into photoreceptor-like cells by transducing CRX and NEUROD1 via a tetracycline-inducible PiggyBac vector. We also detail procedures for the validation of photoreceptor markers to assess differentiation. This protocol enables mutation-focused investigation of IRD pathogenesis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Pan et al.¹.