SMART INFRASTRUCTURE: INTEGRATION OF IOT SENSORS FOR REAL-TIME STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONTORING [SHM]

Abstract: This comprehensive review explores the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil engineering structures such as bridges, buildings, and cultural heritage sites. It discusses IoT system architecture, real-time data collection, cloud analytics, and AI-assisted decision-making. The paper emphasizes how IoT enables smart, automated, and remote monitoring, improving safety, sustainability, and infrastructure resilience. Additionally, it highlights challenges like data security, sensor reliability, and power efficiency, while outlining future research opportunities for developing next-generation IoT-based SHM systems.