Real-time motion compensation in cyberknife radiosurgery: Advances in fiducial marker tracking and clinical outcomes

CyberKnife, a stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) technique, delivers highly precise radiation beams to tumors. However, the patient motion, such as respiration and positional changes, can lead to tumor displacement, affecting the treatment efficacy. Fiducial marker tracking plays a crucial role in CyberKnife therapy, enabling real-time tumor position monitoring and ensuring accurate radiation delivery. This paper reviews motion compensation methods based on fiducial marker tracking, explores how fiducial markers facilitate precise tumor localization (tracking precision: 0.2–0.5 mm), and analyzes various motion compensation techniques, including respiratory motion compensation and positional adjustment. By dynamically adjusting the treatment device and radiation dose, fiducial marker tracking and motion compensation significantly enhance the precision of CyberKnife therapy, reduce errors caused by patient motion, and improve treatment outcomes.