Statistical model treatments of nonmetallic elements in water and soil within Nwaebere lake and its environs

Nonmetallic elements found in and around lakes are significant for several reasons, such as their influence on water quality, their potential for resource extraction, and their involvement in geological processes can be sources of pollution and can affect the health of the ecosystem. This study evaluated the distribution, speciation, and potential environmental impact of selected nonmetallic elements in water and surface soils from Nwaebere Lake and adjoining landscapes. Composite water (surface and near-shore) and topsoil samples (0–15 cm) were collected from different sites representing upstream, shoreline, agricultural, and settlement-influenced locations. Concentrations of nitrogen species (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium), total phosphorus (as phosphate), sulphate and chloride were determined using ion chromatography and standard colorimetric methods. Data were analyzed using multivariate techniques (principal component analysis and violin plot) to identify sources and associations. Results showed spatial heterogeneity: nutrient levels (nitrate and phosphate) were significantly higher in sites adjacent to agricultural fields and settlements, indicating inputs from fertilizer runoff and domestic effluents. Elevated sulphate and chloride concentrations near settlement outflows suggested contributions from wastewater and small-scale industrial activities, Multivariate analysis grouped sampling sites by anthropogenic influence and natural geochemical background. study recommends routine monitoring of nutrient and anion loads, implementation of riparian buffer zones, improved waste management in nearby communities, and targeted remediation where nutrient enrichment is greatest. These actions will help protect water quality and ecosystem services provided by Nwaebere Lake.