Hypertension care in the era of precision medicine: a review of the shift from traditional approaches and global health implications

Hypertension remains a critical global health challenge, significantly contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. A substantial portion of the population continues to experience uncontrolled blood pressure, underlining the need for more tailored care approaches despite the effectiveness of some conventional treatments. This review aims to synthesize the progression of hypertension management, highlighting the shift from conventional, population-based approaches to the emergent era of precision medicine. A comprehensive literature search (2015–2025) across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified English peer-reviewed studies on traditional and precision hypertension management. Using a narrative synthesis, diverse clinical, technological, and policy perspectives were integrated, and visual models illustrated the transition to precision care and its implementation pathways. Hypertension remains a major global health burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where traditional “one-size-fits-all” management often overlooks genetic, environmental, and treatment-response differences. Precision medicine offers a shift toward individualized care using genomic and digital data but faces barriers such as cost, infrastructure, and data inequities. Gradual integration of precision tools within strong health systems and equitable policies offers the best path to improving hypertension care globally. Collaborative efforts among clinicians, researchers, and policymakers are needed to build evidence, ensure accessibility, and promote equity. The next decade should focus on multi-ethnic studies, cost-effectiveness analyses, and integrating precision tools within population-based health systems for balanced, evidence-driven implementation.