Livelihood Diversification and Food Security among the Marginalized Waata Community in Ethiopia

Abstract Subject and Purpose of the Study This study explores how livelihood diversification influences food security among the marginalized Waata community in Ethiopia, emphasizing the impact of structural and social exclusion on their pursuit of sustainable livelihoods. Materials and Methods Using qualitative methods – 18 focus group discussions with Waata men, women, and youth, and six key informants interview groups with government and community leaders – the research engaged 192 participants. Results It reveals that livelihood diversification significantly contributes to improving food security. However, persistent cultural stigmatization, marginalization, and restrictive regulatory frameworks continue to undermine the Waata community’s traditional practices and limit their full participation in economic activities which resulted in food insecurity. Conclusion This study explores inclusive development policies that aim to preserve cultural identity, infrastructure improvement, promote equitable access to resources, access to credit and financial services. Addressing these interconnected challenges in a comprehensive and integrated manner is essential for advancing food security and sustainable livelihoods among socially excluded communities like Waata.