A Four-Layer Digital Framework for BIM and FM Integration in a Sustainable Urban Drainage System

This paper introduces a digital framework that integrates Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Facility Management (FM) to enhance the lifecycle performance of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuDS). Addressing the limitations of traditional drainage such as poor resilience and fragmented maintenance, the framework consists of the following four layers: BIM-based 3D asset modeling, sensor-driven monitoring, FM-integrated operations, and climate-informed adaptive planning. Grounded in systems engineering and aligned with International Standard ISO 19650 standards, it enables a dynamic digital twin to support continuous feedback and predictive maintenance. Illustrated through diagrams and comparison, the framework promotes adaptability and long-term sustainability in urban water infrastructure.