Bridging traditional Chinese medicine and sustainable development in Malaysia

Abstract Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long-standing tradition in Malaysia, offering a holistic approach to health and healing. As Malaysia works towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the integration of TCM into these global objectives presents both challenges and opportunities. The main challenges in aligning TCM with the SDGs include the need for curriculum updates in TCM education to incorporate sustainability concepts, the absence of standardized practices across TCM therapies, and the sustainability of medicinal plant resources. Additionally, the lack of rigorous scientific evidence for many TCM practices complicates their integration into evidence-based healthcare frameworks. The review discusses strategies for modernizing TCM education, promoting research on the efficacy and safety of TCM treatments, and encouraging sustainable practices in the sourcing of herbal medicines. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and increasing public awareness, TCM can play a key role in advancing the SDGs in Malaysia, particularly in promoting sustainable health and well-being, environmental conservation, and social equity.