Real-Time Air Quality and Weather Monitoring System Utilizing IoT for Sustainable Urban Development and Environmental Management

Environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, light, and gas levels directly affect human health, agriculture, and industrial processes. Monitoring these factors in real time is necessary for detecting dangerous situations early and making informed choices. This work presents a compact, mobile, IoT-enabled device that measures environmental data and sends it wirelessly for remote access. The system uses the ESP32 microcontroller, chosen for its low power use, built-in Wi-Fi, and ease of connecting with sensors and cloud services. Key sensors include the DHT22 for temperature and humidity, MQ135 for ammonia and gas detection, and an LDR for checking light intensity. An infrared (IR) sensor identifies obstacles, and a buzzer alerts users to dangerous conditions. The collected data appears on a 16X2 LCD for local monitoring. It is also transmitted to the ThingSpeak cloud platform for long-term storage and visualization. Users can view this data in real time through the Blynk mobile application, which also enables remote control of the device. The system is built for mobility. It operates with DC motors powered by an L298N motor driver. This lets it navigate different environments and collect data from various locations. This feature gives more flexibility and improves the system’s effectiveness compared to traditional stationary monitoring units. The innovative part of this project is the mix of real-time sensing, autonomous movement, and cloud connectivity in a low-cost, portable setup. The system was tested in controlled environments and consistently provided reliable readings. Its practical uses include smart agriculture, urban air quality monitoring, and industrial safety.