Revisiting Social Participation in Hong Kong Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Social participation is vital for older adults’ well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted daily activities, but many adapted using SOC (Selection, Optimization, and Compensation) strategies. This study examines how older adults in Hong Kong navigated adversity through strategic decision-making. Twenty-five participants underwent in-depth interviews, with thematic analysis identifying key SOC-related themes: loss-based selection (reducing physical interactions, shifting engagement modes, pursuing solo activities), elective selection (volunteering, exercise, online learning), optimization (adjusting participation methods and timing, taking preventive measures), and compensation (modifying or substituting activities, supporting physical functions). Despite restrictions, older adults actively sought ways to remain socially engaged. Our findings highlight the role of SOC strategies in sustaining participation and enable us to propose a framework for adaptive changes to enhance future well-being. This research deepens discussions on social participation, offering practical insights for fostering resilience among older adults in challenging conditions.