Experimental Study of Saffron’s Neurophysiological Effects Based on Spectral Electroencephalographic Power Analysis of Epileptic Activity

Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by severe disruptions in neural activity, and the search for alternative and safer treatment approaches continues. Saffron ( Crocus sativus L .) is known for its modulatory and neuroprotective effects on the nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of saffron supplementation on experimental epileptic activity and its neurophysiological parameters in rabbits. Methods: The study was conducted under laboratory conditions; an epilepsy model was established by intracerebral administration of penicillin sodium salt through a cannula implanted bilaterally into the basolateral amygdala. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were performed in rabbits during different phases of epilepsy (initial, peak, and postictal). Spectral analysis methods were applied for the evaluation of EEG data. Results: Control group: delta wave dominance was observed; during the initial phase, delta and theta power increased; during the peak phase, significant elevations in alpha and theta waves were recorded; and during the recovery phase, a reduction in power across all frequency bands was noted. Saffron group: In the initial phase, the increase in alpha and beta activity was weaker compared to controls, whereas during the peak phase, a sharp decline in spectral power was recorded. Overall, saffron administration reduced the duration of epileptic seizures by approximately 50%. Conclusions: Saffron reduces neuronal hypersensitivity in epileptiform activity, exerting modulatory, neuroprotective, and potential anticonvulsant effects. These findings support the potential of saffron as a safe, alternative intervention targeting the neurophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy and highlight the need for further pharmacological investigations.