Optimization of UAV propeller performance through design, development, and testing of diverse propeller geometries

The objectives of this research are to augment the thrust and mitigate the noise produced by UAV propellers, which can cause disrupt both humans and the environment. An experimental study examines the effect of custom-designed propellers on both aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance. The focus was on the UAV propellers to attain a balance between thrust generation and noise mitigation. Various propeller configurations, including NACA 4412 plain propeller, tilted tip designs, bionic serrated trailing edges, and toroidal designs, were developed and tested. In this research work, ten propellers, which consist of eight custom-designed models and two standard commercial models, are evaluated to get their aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics. The designs are optimized to amplify thrust and minimize noise emissions. It is observed that the toroidal biloop V1 propeller achieved a noise reduction of 2-3 dB while maintaining a thrust of 0.87309 N at full transmitter throttle, which is further confirmed by Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA). The results provide a platform to understand the influence of propeller geometry on noise emission, and signifies to reduce noise without compromising aerodynamic performance. This research contributes to the development of quiet UAVs, for noise-sensitive applications, including urban deliveries, wildlife monitoring, covert military operations, and indoor environments such as museums and offices.