IPv6 Routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) with Load balancing (Burst Traffic Scenarios)

The volume of research performed in the domain of Wireless Sensor Networkshas increased substantially in recent years. This is due to the advancement offabrication technology of low-power devices containing various sensors along with awireless interface, allowing costs to be reduced. Therefore, the deployment of largescalesensor networks, which could consist of several thousand nodes, still representsa challenge as it is produced in a large amount of heterogeneous data that areshaped at an exponential rate. This thesis aims to evaluate the performance ofrouting protocols in lossy links for smart building networks. Special attention isdirected towards the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Network(RPL) which is the IETF candidate for a standard routing protocol in wireless sensornetworks. The performance of RPL suffers in a network with burst traffic load, whichleads to reducing the lifetime of the network and causing traffic congestion amongthe neighbour nodes. In Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) sensor nodes aredeployed in various traffic load conditions such as regular and heavy traffic load. Inlarge events, burst traffic load requires a new radical approach of load balancing,this scenario causes congestion increases and packet drops relatively when frequenttraffic burst load rises in comparison with regular and heavy loads. Therefore,based on aforementioned issues proposed research firstly provides the traffic-awaremetric that utilizes ETX and parent count metrics (ETXPC), where communicationquality for LLNs with RPL routing protocol are playing an important role in trafficengineering. In addition, this research will provide analytical results to quantifythe impact of Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective on Function (MRHOF)and Objective Function Zero (OF0) to the packet delivery, reliability and powerconsumption in LLNs. Secondly, in the proposed work a Burst and Congestion-Aware Metric for RPL called BCA-RPL, which calculates the rank, considering thenumber of packets. Also, the proposed mechanism includes congestion avoidingand load balancing techniques by switching the best parent selection to avoid thecongested area. Simulation results based on the Cooja simulator shows BCA-RPLperforms better than the original RPL-OF0 routing protocol in terms of packetIPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (IoT) with LoadBalancing for Burst Trafficloss, power consumption and packet delivery ratio (PDR) under burst traffic load.Thirdly, the main contribution introduces a mechanism called BT-RPL to addressthe problem of packet loss and burst traffic power used in RPL to address thisproblem in two steps. First, this work avoid congestion and load balancing issueswith the help of rank calculation with attention to the number of packets. The parentselection mechanism is constructed and compared with the default RPL routingprotocol with OF0. Secondly, also evaluated the results on the Cooja simulator,which indicates that the proposed technique to avoid congestion and a load balancingproblem outperformed the default RPL routing protocol with OF0. Based on theproposed test-bed evaluation, the BT-RPL has reduced packet loss by around 80%and energy consumption, which is an acceptable level of the IoT network design.In addition to this, average latency accuracy performance is also maintained. Thisstudy also comprehensively analysed and compared the overall results in terms ofdifferent packet reception ration RX.Hussien