Empirical constraints on residual structure in galactic dynamics using a surface-flux proxy

This dataset and manuscript present an empirical analysis of residual structure in galactic dynamics using a surface-flux proxy derived from stellar luminosity and effective radius. The work focuses on robustness tests, residual correlations, and classification-relevant scaling behavior across multiple galaxy samples. No modification of gravity or replacement of dark matter models is proposed. The results are intended as empirical constraints and phenomenological regularities relevant for galaxy-dynamics modeling.