Galeazzi variant fracture dislocation : a rare combination of both-bone forearm fractures and distal radioulnar joint instability – case report and surgical management

Introduction : This article introduces Galeazzi fracture, a rare combination of forearm bone fractures and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) dislocation, historically credited to Cooper and Galeazzi. The rarity and significance of this injury pattern are highlighted, setting the stage for a case report. Methods : The case report details a 24-year-old man involved in a motorcycle accident, presenting with mid-diaphyseal fractures of both radius and ulna, along with DRUJ dislocation. Surgical intervention involved open reduction, internal fixation, and DRUJ stabilization using a tri-cortical K-wire. Results : Postoperative radiographs demonstrated successful reduction and stabilization of both fractures. A 6-week immobilization period with a long arm splint was implemented. Discussion : The article delves into the inherent instability of Galeazzi fractures, reviewing historical perspectives and emphasizing the infrequency of simultaneous fractures of both forearm bones with DRUJ dislocation. Mechanisms of injury and a proposed explanation for the Galeazzi-type fracture are discussed, underlining the need for additional biomechanical studies. Conclusion : The conclusion underscores the necessity of a comprehensive examination for forearm fractures, emphasizing anatomical reduction for DRUJ stability. Surgical fixation is recommended, with attention to restoring normal radial bow. Persistent DRUJ instability may require additional measures such as TFCC repair or trans-fixation with Kirschner wires